Genetic architecture and risk prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese pregnancies

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus, a heritable metabolic disorder and the most common pregnancy-related condition, remains understudied regarding its genetic architecture and its potential for early prediction using genetic data. Here we conducted genome-wide association studies on 116,144 Chinese pregnancies, leveraging their non-invasive prenatal test sequencing data and detailed prenatal records. We identified 13 novel loci for gestational diabetes mellitus and 111 for five glycemic traits, with minor allele frequencies of 0.01-0.5 and absolute effect sizes of 0.03-0.62. Approximately 50% of these loci were specific to gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational glycemic levels, distinct from type 2 diabetes and general glycemic levels in East Asians. A machine learning model integrating polygenic risk scores and prenatal records predicted gestational diabetes mellitus before 20 weeks of gestation, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.729 and an accuracy of 0.835. Shapley values highlighted polygenic risk scores as key contributors. This model offers a cost-effective strategy for early gestational diabetes mellitus prediction using clinical non-invasive prenatal test.

Publication
Nature Communications
Yuqin Gu
Yuqin Gu
PhD student
Hao Zheng
Hao Zheng
Master student
Piao Wang
Piao Wang
Master student
Yanhong Liu
Yanhong Liu
PhD student
Xinxin Guo
Xinxin Guo
Master student
Zijing Yang
Zijing Yang
Master student
Shiyao Cheng
Shiyao Cheng
Master student
Yanchao Chen
Yanchao Chen
Master student
Siyang Liu
Siyang Liu
Associate Professor, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University

Focused on human genomics and bioinformatics research

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